اندازه شناسی آتوثانیه ای اشعه ایکس سخت

Hard X-ray attosecond metrology

Nature, Published online: 04 November 2026; doi:10.1038/s41586-026-11245-5 Metrology techniques are developed to characterize and control attosecond hard X-ray pulses, directly measuring a 170-attosecond duration and enabling ultrafast studies of electronic dynamics in quantum systems.