11 سپتامبر تأثیری ماندگار بر امور جهانی داشته است

9/11 has had a lasting effect on world affairs

Reflecting on twenty-five years since the Sept. 11 attacks, Stuart Gottlieb examines how the tragedy reshaped American foreign policy, shifted focus toward non-state actors, redefined terrorism as warfare, and emphasized the need for a long-term battle of ideas.